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  • disability history museum--Education: Essay: Disability History Museum
    Many school boards and state legislatures heeded Bell and other oralists in their campaign to remove sign language from schools This attempt at assimilation found a receptive audience in Progressive Era America, which was already anxious about the integration of immigrants
  • The Lasting Legacy of Oralism and the Never-Ending Fight for Progress
    In 1880, the International Congress on Education of the Deaf (ICED) in Milan declared that oralist education was superior to sign language education and passed a resolution banning the use of sign language in Deaf schools
  • Alexander Graham Bells oralist mission still harms deaf and hard of . . .
    While Bell's precise methods are no longer in use, critics say the philosophy of oralism — that speech is inherently better than sign language — still has a harmful ripple effect to this day
  • Oralism: Its Role and Impact in Deaf Education - DeafWebsites
    Critics argue that oralism neglects the natural language of the deaf – sign language – and can lead to a sense of alienation They claim that oralism often results in poor language acquisition and can have negative psychological effects
  • Oral Education as Emancipation | Gallaudet University
    After the Civil War, education reformers urged schools for deaf children to fundamentally change their teaching methods Reformers wanted to eliminate “manualism,” the use of sign language, and replace it with “oralism,” the exclusive use of speech and lipreading
  • Oralism - Wikipedia
    Bonet was an oralist that defended the use of words to communicate, but also incorporated the use of sign language [6] Since the beginning of formal deaf education in the 18th century in the United States, manualism and oralism have been on opposing sides of a heated debate that continues to this day [2]
  • Bell, Alexander Graham: an audist against Deaf people
    In order to reduce the deaf race, Bell advocated oralism and banned sign language in Deaf education He supported the removal of deaf teachers and administrators, the elimination of sign language, and the removal of residential schools
  • Savages and Deaf-Mutes - University of Illinois system
    Oralists charged that the use of sign language damaged the minds of deaf people, interfered with the ability of deaf children to learn English, and reduced the motivation of deaf children to undertake the difficult but, in their view, crucial task of learning to communicate orally
  • The History of American Sign Language (ASL) - Deaf Vibes
    During the late 19th century, the oralist movement gained momentum, pushing for speech and lip-reading over sign language This led to widespread bans on sign language in deaf education, substantially restricting its use
  • Communication Divides · Yale University Library Online Exhibitions
    He promoted a combined method of oralism and manualism and fiercely debated Bell’s oralist-only approach However, on September 11, 1880, an international congress of educators of the deaf, meeting in Milan, Italy, voted 160-4 to declare oralism the superior method of instruction





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