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confiscation    音标拼音: [k,ɑnfəsk'eʃən]
n. 没收,充公,征发

没收,充公,征发

confiscation
n 1: seizure by the government [synonym: {confiscation},
{arrogation}]

Confiscation \Con`fis*ca"tion\, n. [L. confiscatio.]
The act or process of taking property or condemning it to be
taken, as forfeited to the public use.
[1913 Webster]

The confiscations following a subdued rebellion.
--Hallam.
[1913 Webster]

CONFISCATION. The act by which the estate, goods or chattels of a person
who has been guilty of some crime, or who is a public enemy, is declared to
be forfeited for the benefit of the public treasury. Domat, Droit Public,
liv. 1, tit. 6, s. 2, n. 1. When property is forfeited as a punishment for
the commission of crime, it is usually called a forfeiture. 1 Bl. Com. 299.
2. It is a general rule that the property of the subjects of an enemy
found in the country may be appropriated by the government, without notice,
unless there be a treaty to the contrary. 1 Gallis. R. 563; 8 Dall. R. 199;
N. Car. Cas. 79. It has been frequently provided by treaty that foreign
subjects should be permitted to remain and continue their business,
notwithstanding a rupture between the governments, so long as they conducted
themselves innocently and when there was no such treaty, such a liberal
permission has been announced in the very declaration of war. Vattel, liv.
3, c. 4, Sec. 63. Sir Michael Poster, (Discourses on High Treason, p. 185,
6, mentions several instances of such declarations by the king of Great
Britain; and he says that aliens were thereby enabled to acquire personal
chattels and to maintain actions for the recovery of their personal rights,
in as full a manner as alien friends. 1 Kent, Coin. 57.
3. In the United States, the broad principle has been assumed "that war
gives to the sovereign full right to take the persons and confiscate the
property of the enemy, wherever found. The mitigations of this rigid rule,
which the policy of modern times has introduced into practice, will more or
less affect the exercise of this right, but cannot impair the right itself."
8 Cranch, 122-3. Commercial nations have always considerable property in the
possession of their neighbors: and when war breaks out the question, what
shall be done with enemies property found in the country, is one rather of
policy than of law, and is properly addressed to the consideration of the
legislature, and not to courts of law. The strict right of confiscation
exists in congress; and without a legislative act authorizing the
confiscation of enemies' property, it cannot be condemned. 8 Cranch, 128,
129. See Chit. Law of Nations, c. 3; Marten's Law of Nat. lib. 8, c. 3, s.
9; Burlamaqui, Princ. of Pol. Law, part 4, c. 7; Vattel, liv. 3, c. 4, Sec.
63.
4. The claim of a right to confiscate debts, contracted by individuals
in time of peace, and which remain due to subjects of the enemy in time of
war, rests very much upon the same principles as that concerning the enemy's
tangible property, found in the country at the commencement of the war. But
it is the universal practice to forbear to seize and confiscate debts and
credits. 1 Kent, Com. 64, 5; vide 4 Cranch, R. 415 Charlt. 140; 2 Harr. &
John. 101, 112, 471 6 Cranch, R. 286; 7 Conn. R. 428: 2 Tayl. R. 115; 1 Day,
R. 4; Kirby, R. 228, 291 C. & N. 77, 492.


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  • Black grouse - Wikipedia
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  • Black Grouse - eBird
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  • Black grouse — Grokipedia
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  • Black grouse - Wikiwand
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  • Black Grouse Courtship - birdsology. com
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  • Black Grouse - BirdBuddy Wiki - app. mybirdbuddy. com
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  • Black Grouse: The Gossip of the Grouse World! - YouTube
    This black grouse documentary covers everything you need to know about this rare and beautiful bird, including its moorland and forest-edge habitat, winter feeding patterns, lek mating system
  • What is the black grouse habitat? - The Institute for Environmental . . .
    The black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) is a fascinating bird species belonging to the grouse family Often found in the wilder parts of Europe and Asia, it’s recognized for its distinctive appearance and unique mating displays, known as leks
  • Black grouse – Bird Species Profile, Origin Traits
    The black grouse, also known as northern black grouse, Eurasian black grouse, blackgame or blackcock, is a large bird in the grouse family It is a sedentary species, spanning across the Palearctic in moorland and steppe habitat when breeding, often near wooded areas
  • Black Grouse Species Guide - In Focus
    The Black Grouse (scientific name Lyrurus tetrix, historically Tetrao tetrix) is a large, stocky game bird of the grouse family It is found across the Palearctic: from Great Britain and western Europe across Scandinavia, much of Russia, and parts of Central and East Asia





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