software 音标拼音: [s'ɔftw
, ɛr] [s'ɔfw
, ɛr]
n . 软件,程序设计
软体,程式设计
software 软体
software 软体
software n 1 : (
computer science )
written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read /
write memory ;
"
the market for software is expected to expand " [
synonym :
{
software }, {
software program }, {
computer software },
{
software system }, {
software package }, {
package }] [
ant :
{
computer hardware }, {
hardware }]
(Or "computer program ", "program ", "code ") The
instructions executed by a computer , as opposed to the
physical device on which they run (the "{hardware }").
The term was coined by the eminent statistician , {John Tukey }.
Programs stored on {non -volatile storage } built from
integrated circuits } (e .g . {ROM } or {PROM }) are usually
called {firmware }.
Software can be split into two main types - {system software }
and application software or {application programs }. System
software is any software required to support the production or
execution of application programs but which is not specific to
any particular application . Examples of system software would
include the {operating system }, {compilers }, editors and
sorting programs .
Examples of application programs would include an accounts
package or a {CAD } program . Other broad classes of
application software include {real -time } software , {business
software }, scientific and engineering software , {embedded
software }, personal computer software and {artificial
intelligence } software .
Software includes both {source code } written by humans and
executable {machine code } produced by {assemblers } or
compilers }. It does not usually include the data processed
by programs unless this is in a format such as {multimedia }
which depends on the use of computers for its presentation .
This distinction becomes unclear in cases such as {spread
sheets } which can contain both instructions (formulae and
macros }) and data . There are also various intermediate
compiled or {semi -compiled }, forms of software such as
library } files and {byte -code }.
Some claim that {documentation } (both paper and electronic ) is
also software . Others go further and define software to be
programs plus documentation though this does not correspond
with common usage .
The noun "program " describes a single , complete and
more -or -less self -contained list of instructions , often stored
in a single {file }, whereas "code " and "software " are
uncountable nouns describing some number of instructions which
may constitute one or more programs or part thereof . Most
programs , however , rely heavily on various kinds of {operating
system } software for their execution . The nounds "code " and
software " both refer to the same thing but "code " tends to
suggest an interest in the implementation details whereas
software " is more of a user 's term .
2002 -07 -21 )
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