virus 音标拼音: [v'ɑɪrəs]
n . 病毒,滤过性微生物,毒害,恶毒 ;
(一个能够复制、感染其他程序或破坏操作系统的程序)
病毒,滤过性微生物,毒害,恶毒 ; (一个能够复制、感染其他程式或破坏操作系统的程式)
virus n 1 : (
virology )
ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts ;
many are pathogenic ;
a piece of nucleic acid (
DNA or RNA )
wrapped in a thin coat of protein 2 :
a harmful or corrupting agency ; "
bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread "; "
the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone "
3 :
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer ; "
a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance " [
synonym : {
virus }, {
computer virus }]
Virus \
Vi "
rus \,
n . [
L .,
a slimy liquid ,
a poisonous liquid ,
poison ,
stench ;
akin to Gr . ?
poison ,
Skr .
visha .
Cf .
{
Wizen },
v .
i .]
1 . (
Med .)
Contagious or poisonous matter ,
as of specific ulcers ,
the bite of snakes ,
etc .; --
applied to organic poisons . [
Archaic ]
[
1913 Webster PJC ]
2 .
the causative agent of a disease , . [
obsolescent ]
[
PJC ]
3 .
any of numerous submicroscopic complex organic objects which have genetic material and may be considered as living organisms but have no proper cell membrane ,
and thus cannot by themselves perform metabolic processes ,
requiring entry into a host cell in order to multiply .
The simplest viruses have no lipid envelope and may be considered as complex aggregates of molecules ,
sometimes only a nucleic acid (
DNA or RNA )
and a coat protein .
They are sometimes viewed as being on the borderline between living and nonliving objects .
They are smaller than living cells in size ,
usually between 20 and 300 nm ;
thus they pass through standard filters ,
and were previously referred to as {
filterable virus }.
The manifestations of disease caused by multiplication of viruses in cells may be due to destruction of the cells caused by subversion of the cellular metabolic processes by the virus ,
or by synthesis of a virus -
specific toxin .
Viruses may infect animals ,
plants ,
or microorganisms ;
those infecting bacteria are also called {
bacteriophages }.
Certain bacteriophages may be non -
destructive and benign in the host ; --
see {
bacteriophage }.
[
1913 Webster PJC ]
4 .
Fig .:
Any morbid corrupting quality in intellectual or moral conditions ;
something that poisons the mind or the soul ;
as ,
the virus of obscene books .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 . (
Computers )
a program or segment of program code that may make copies of itself (
replicate ),
attach itself to other programs ,
and perform unwanted actions within a computer ;
also called {
computer virus }
or {
virus program }.
Such programs are almost always introduced into a computer without the knowledge or assent of its owner ,
and are often malicious ,
causing destructive actions such as erasing data on disk ,
but sometime only annoying ,
causing peculiar objects to appear on the display .
The form of sociopathic mental disease that causes a programmer to write such a program has not yet been given a name .
Compare {
trojan horse [
3 ]}.
[
PJC ]
120 Moby Thesaurus words for "
virus ":
acaricide ,
adenovirus ,
aerial infection ,
aerobe ,
aerobic bacteria ,
aerobic organism ,
airborne infection ,
amoeba ,
anaerobe ,
anaerobic bacteria ,
anaerobic organism ,
anthelmintic ,
antibiotic ,
antiseptic ,
autotrophic organism ,
bacillus ,
bacteria ,
bacterium ,
bane ,
being ,
bug ,
bug bomb ,
carbamate insecticide ,
carrier ,
chemosterilant ,
chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide ,
coccus ,
communicability ,
contact poison ,
contagion ,
contagiousness ,
contamination ,
corruption ,
creature ,
cryptogenic infection ,
defoliant ,
direct infection ,
disease -
producing microorganism ,
disinfectant ,
droplet infection ,
dust infection ,
echovirus ,
enterovirus ,
epidemiology ,
eradicant ,
filterable virus ,
fumigant ,
fungicide ,
fungus ,
genetic individual ,
germ ,
germicide ,
gram -
negative bacteria ,
gram -
positive bacteria ,
hand infection ,
herbicide ,
heterotrophic organism ,
indirect infection ,
individual ,
infection ,
infectiousness ,
insect powder ,
insecticide ,
living being ,
living thing ,
microbe ,
microbicide ,
microorganism ,
miticide ,
mold ,
morphological individual ,
nonfilterable virus ,
ont ,
organic being ,
organic chlorine ,
organic phosphate insecticide ,
organism ,
organization ,
pathogen ,
pesticide ,
physiological individual ,
phytogenic infection ,
picornavirus ,
poison ,
primary infection ,
protozoa ,
protozoon ,
pyogenic infection ,
rat poison ,
reovirus ,
rhinovirus ,
rickettsia ,
roach paste ,
roach powder ,
rodenticide ,
secondary infection ,
spirillum ,
spirochete ,
spore ,
staphylococcus ,
stomach poison ,
streptococcus ,
subclinical infection ,
systemic ,
systemic insecticide ,
taint ,
toxic ,
toxicant ,
toxin ,
trypanosome ,
vector ,
venin ,
venom ,
vermicide ,
vibrio ,
waterborne infection ,
weed killer ,
zoogenic infection ,
zooid ,
zoon (By analogy with biological viruses , via science
fiction ) A program or piece of code , a type of {malware },
written by a {cracker }, that "infects " one or more other
programs by embedding a copy of itself in them , so that they
become {Trojan horses }. When these programs are executed , the
embedded virus is executed too , thus propagating the
infection ". This normally happens invisibly to the user .
A virus has an "engine " - code that enables it to propagate
and optionally a "payload " - what it does apart from
propagating . It needs a "host " - the particular hardware and
software environment on which it can run and a "trigger " - the
event that starts it running .
Unlike a {worm }, a virus cannot infect other computers without
assistance . It is propagated by vectors such as humans
trading programs with their friends (see {SEX }). The virus
may do nothing but propagate itself and then allow the program
to run normally . Usually , however , after propagating silently
for a while , it starts doing things like writing "cute "
messages on the terminal or playing strange tricks with the
display (some viruses include {display hacks }). Viruses
written by particularly antisocial {crackers } may do
irreversible damage , like deleting files .
By the 1990s , viruses had become a serious problem , especially
among {IBM PC } and {Macintosh } users (the lack of security on
these machines enables viruses to spread easily , even
infecting the operating system ). The production of special
antivirus software } has become an industry , and a number of
exaggerated media reports have caused outbreaks of near
hysteria among users . Many {lusers } tend to blame
everything * that doesn 't work as they had expected on virus
attacks . Accordingly , this sense of "virus " has passed into
popular usage where it is often incorrectly used for other
types of {malware } such as {worms } or {Trojan horses }.
See {boot virus }, {phage }. Compare {back door }. See also
Unix conspiracy }.
Jargon File }]
2003 -06 -20 )virus :
n . [
from the obvious analogy with biological viruses ,
via SF ]
A cracker program that searches out other programs and ‘
infects ’
them by embedding a copy of itself in them ,
so that they become Trojan horses .
When these programs are executed ,
the embedded virus is executed too ,
thus propagating the ‘
infection ’.
This normally happens invisibly to the user .
Unlike a worm ,
a virus cannot infect other computers without assistance .
It is propagated by vectors such as humans trading programs with their friends (
see SEX ).
The virus may do nothing but propagate itself and then allow the program to run normally .
Usually ,
however ,
after propagating silently for a while ,
it starts doing things like writing cute messages on the terminal or playing strange tricks with the display (
some viruses include nice display hacks ).
Many nasty viruses ,
written by particularly perversely minded crackers ,
do irreversible damage ,
like nuking all the user '
s files .
In the 1990s ,
viruses became a serious problem ,
especially among Windows users ;
the lack of security on these machines enables viruses to spread easily ,
even infecting the operating system (
Unix machines ,
by contrast ,
are immune to such attacks ).
The production of special anti -
virus software has become an industry ,
and a number of exaggerated media reports have caused outbreaks of near hysteria among users ;
many lusers tend to blame everything that doesn '
t work as they had expected on virus attacks .
Accordingly ,
this sense of virus has passed not only into techspeak but into also popular usage (
where it is often incorrectly used to denote a worm or even a Trojan horse ).
See phage ;
compare back door ;
see also Unix conspiracy .
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